HUMSAFAR

HPAS MAIN-2017 PAPER-V: GENERAL  STUDIES-III, Unit-II Topic: Sustainable  development  and  Inclusive  growth.  What is sustainable development? Outline the steps involved in attaining sustainable development in India. Solution Sustainable development refers to the achievement of economic development by careful and judicial utilisation of the natural resources so that the present generations’ needs are fulfilled without compromising that of the future generations’. It becomes our moral responsibility to hand over earth in good order to the future generation. Aligned with the view of a leading environmental economist, Herman Daly, India has taken the following steps to achieve the aim of sustainable development: i.  Population Control Measures India has promoted various measures to arrest population explosion. The various population control measures include spread of awareness and knowledge of birth control measures and l...

PAPER-VI:  GENERAL  STUDIES-III, UNIT–III Topic: Concept of  organic  farming,  seed  certification,  rain  water  harvesting, techniques of irrigation and soil conservations and soil health cards.  What is organic farming and how does it promote sustainable development? Solution: Organic farming refers to a system of farming that sustains and enhances the ecological balance. In other words, this system of farming relies upon the use of organic inputs for cultivation. The traditional farming involves the use of chemical fertilisers, toxic pesticides, etc. that harms the eco system drastically. So, this type of farming is practiced to produce toxic-free food for the consumers while simultaneously maintaining the fertility of the soil and contributing to ecological balance. This type of farming enables eco friendly sustainable economic development.

Compared to urban women, more rural women are found working. Why? Solution: The percentage of female workforce in the rural areas is nearly 30 % while it is only 14 % in the urban areas. This depicts that as compared to the urban women more rural women accounts for higher share in the female workforce. While on the one hand, the rural women are less educated, unskilled and low productive, on the other hand, urban women being more educated and more skilled and productive have higher probability to get employment. Ironically, the urban female accounts for lesser share in the female workforce as compared to their rural counterparts. The following are the reasons for low share of urban females in the total female workforce: As in the agricultural and allied activities, high degree of skills and specialisations is not required, so, rural women engage themselves to support their family on farms. As poverty in the rural areas is more widespread than in the urban areas, so, ...

PAPER-VI:  GENERAL  STUDIES-III UNIT–I Topic: Demographic  Profile,  Demographic Dividend  and Population  Policy.  What is the state of rural infrastructure in India? Solution: During the colonial rule,the British aimed at developing infrastructure to facilitate their trade affairs. At the time of independence, Indian government found lack of sound infrastructure to realise their dream of economic development and growth. Most of the infrastructural development concentrated in the urban areas. The infrastructural development in the rural areas is still very meagre as compared to the size of the rural population. The women in the rural areas are still making use of bio fuels like cow-dung and fuel wood to meet their energy needs. The census of 2001 states that only 56% of the households has electricity connection, whereas, 43% still use kerosene. About 90% of the rural households use bio fuels for cooking. Tap water is used by only 24% o...

PAPER-VI:  GENERAL  STUDIES-III (4 MARKS=50 words) UNIT–1  TOPIC:Regulatory  framework  for money  and banking: Reserve  Bank  of  India  (RBI),  Commercial banks and  Regional  Rural  Banks.  How  RBI controls the commercial banks? Solution: RBI controls the commercial banks by various instruments like Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Bank Rate, Prime Lending (PLR), Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate and fixing the interest rates and deciding the nature of lending to various sectors. These are those ratios and rates that are fixed by RBI and it is mandatory for all the commercial banks to follow or maintain these rates. All these measures control the commercials banks' operations and also control money supply in Indian economy.

PAPER-VI:  GENERAL  STUDIES-III (8  MARKS= 150 words) UNIT–I  TOPIC: Poverty  and  Inequality,  Unemployment,  Inflation in  India.  Is there any relationship between unemployment and poverty? Explain. Solution : Yes, there do exist a direct and positive relationship between unemployment and poverty. Unemployment leads to poverty and poverty in turn leads to unemployment.  An unemployed person has no means to earn money and cannot fulfill his own and his family’s basic needs. He and his family cannot avail quality education, medical facilities and has no means to create income-earning assets. Such circumstances often compel indebtedness. Consequently, an unemployed person exaggerates poverty for his family due to indebtedness. This confirms the positive relationship between unemployment and poverty.  If government wants to alleviate poverty, then it should aim at creating new employment opportunities....

PAPER-VI:  UNIT-1, GENERAL  STUDIES-III Topic: Poverty  and  Inequality,  Unemployment,  Inflation in  India.  Why are employment generation programmes important in poverty alleviation in India?  Solution: The importance of employment generation programmes in poverty alleviation efforts in India are as follows:- (i)  Direct Relationship between Employment and Poverty Alleviation There exists a positive relationship between employment and poverty alleviation. If government aims at creating new employment opportunities, then more people will be employed that will raise their income and, thus, will pull them above the poverty line. (ii)  Higher Standard of Living With the increase in income, consequent to the new employment opportunities, poverty trodden people can enjoy higher standard of living and greater accessibility to education, better health facilities, proper sanitation, etc. (iii)  Reduce Ru...

Paper -III, Unit-1(Sub Unit-1) Short Question =4 or 8 Marks ( 50 or 150 words )  Syllabus :  Sectoral Composition  with  respect  to  contribution to  Gross  Domestic  Product  (GD P)  and Employment .  What is sectoral composition of an economy? Is it necessary that the service sector should contribute maximum to GDP of an economy? Comme nt . Solution: The sectoral composition of an economy is the contribution of different sectors to total GDP of an economy during a year. That is, the share of agricultural sector, industrial sector and service sector in GDP. Yes, it is necessary that at the later stages of development, service sector should contribute the maximum to the total GDP. This phenomenon is called Structural Transformation. This implies that gradually the country’s dependence on the agricultural sector will shift from the maximum to minimum and, at the same time, the share of industrial and servi...

Explain ‘growth with equity’ as a planning objective . Solution: Both growth and equity are the two important aspects of India’s five year plans. While growth refers to the increase in GDP over a long period of time equity refers to an equitable distribution of GDP so that the benefits due to higher economic growth are shared by all sections of population. Equity implies social justice. Growth itself is desirable but growth in itself does not guarantee the welfare of people. Growth is assessed by the market value of goods and services (GDP) and it may be possible that the goods and services that are produced may not benefit the majority of population. In other words, only a few with high level of living and money income may get the share of GDP. Hence, growth with equity is a rational and desirable objective of planning. This objective ensures that the benefits of high growth are shared by all the people equally and, hence, this not only leads to reduction of inequality of i...

What do you understand by the drain of Indian wealth during the colonial period? Solution: Dadabhai Naroji advocated the theory of ‘Drain of Wealth’ in the 19th century. The colonial period was marked by the exploitation of Indian resources. The sole motive of Britain to conquer India was to own a perennial source of cheap raw materials to feed its own industrial base in Britain. Further, British government used India’s manpower to spread its colonial base outside India. Also, the administrative expenses that were incurred by the British government to manage the colonial rule in India were borne by Indian Exchequer. Thus, the British rule drained out Indian wealth for the fulfillment of its own interests.